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THE URINARY BLADDER CHANNEL OF FOOT-TAIYANG

    1. The Urinary Bladder Channel of Foot-Taiyang starts from:
      1. The inner canthus (Jingming U.B.)
      2. Ascending to the forehead
      3. it joins the Du Channel at the vertex (Baihui, Du 20),
      4. where a branch arises running to the temple.
      5. The straight portion of the channel enters the communicates with the brain from the vertex.
      6. It then emerges and bifurcates into two lines, descending along the posterior aspect of the neck.
      7. Running downward alongside the medial aspect of the scapula and parallel to the vertebral column,
      8. it reaches the lumbar region,
      9. where it enters the body cavity via the paravertebral muscle
      10. to connect the with kidney
      11. and join its pertaining organ, the urinary bladder.
      12. The branch of the lumbar region descends through the gluteal region
      13. and ends in the popliteal fossa.
      14. The branch from the posterior aspect of the neck runs straight downward along the medial border of the scapula.
      15. Passing through the gluteal region (Huantiao, G.B. 30)
      16. downward along the posterior aspect of the thigh on the lateral side, it meets the preceding branch descending from the lumbar region in the popliteal fossa. From there it descends to the leg
      17. and further to the posterior aspect of external malleolus.
      18. Running along the tuberosity o the 5th metatarsal bone,
      19. it reaches the lateral side of the tip of the little toe (Zhiyin, U.B. 67), where it links with Kidney Channel of Foot-Shaoyin (see Diagram
    2. The following are the 67 points in this channel:
      1. Jingming (U.B. 1)
        1. Location: 0.1 cun superior to the inner canthus. Ask the patient to close the eyes when locating the point (see Diagram)
        2. Indications: Redness, swelling and pain of the eye, lacrimation when attacked by wind, itching of the canthus, night blindness and color blindness.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.3 inch along the orbital wall. It is not advisable to twist or lift and thrust the needle vigorously.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The angular artery and vein; deeper, superiorly, the ophthalmic artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: Superficially, the supratrochlear and infratrochlear nerves; deeper, the branches of the oculomotor nerve, the ophthalmic nerve.
      2. Zanzhu (U.B.2)
        1. Location: On the mdial extremity of the eybrow, or on the supraorbital notch (see Diagram)
        2. Indications: Headache, blurring and failing of vision, pain in the suppraorbital region, redness, swelling and pain of the eye and twitching of eyelids.
        3. Method: Puncture 0.3-0.5 inch horizontally along the skin with the needle directed inferiorly or laterally, or prick with three-edged needle to cause bleeding.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The frontal artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The medial branch of the frontal nerve.
      3. Meichong (U.B.3)
        1. Location: Directly above the medial extremity of the eyebrow, 0.5 cun within the anterior hairline, between Shenting (Du 24) and Quchai (U.B.4.)
        2. Indications: Headache, giddiness, epilepsy.
        3. Method: Moxibustion is applicable. Puncture 0.3-0.5 inch horizontally along the skin with the needle directed upward.
        4. Regional anatomy - see Zanzhu (U.B. 2.)
      4. Quchai (U.B. 4)
        1. Location: 1.5 cun lateral to Shenting (Du 24), at the junction of the medial third and lateral two-thirds of the distance from Shenting (Du 24) to Touwei (St. 8.)
        2. Indications: Frontal vertical headache, blurring of vision, ophthalmalgia, nasal obstruction, and epistaxis.
        3. Method: Puncture 0.3-05 inch horizontally along the skin with the needle directed upward.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The frontal artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The lateral branch of the frontal nerve.
        5. Note: This distance from the midpoint of the anterior hairline to the midpoint of the posterior hairline is measured as 12 cun. If the anteriro hairline is indistinguishable, it may be measured from the glabella (Ying-tang, Extra.) with 3 cun added.
      5. Wuchu (U.B.5)
        1. Location: Directly above Quchai (U.B.4), 1 cun inside the anterior hairline.
        2. Indications: Headache, blurring of vision and epilepsy.
        3. Method: Puncture 0.3-0.5 inch horizontally along the skin.
          1. Regional anatomy - see Quchai (U.B.)
      6. Chengguang (U.B. 6)
        1. Location: 1.5 cun posterior to Wuchu (U.B.5), 1.5 cun lateral to the Du Channel.
        2. Indications: Headache, blurring of vision, and nasal obstruction.
        3. Method: Puncture 0.3-0.5 inch horizontally along the skin.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The anastomotic network of the frontal artery and vein, the superficial temporal artery and vein and the occipital artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The anastomotic branch of the lateral branch of the frontal nerve and the great occipital nerve.
      7. Tongtian (U.B. 7)
        1. Location: 1.5 cun posterior to Chengguang (U.B.6), 1.5 cun lateral to the Du Channel.
        2. Indications: Headache, dizziness, nasal obstruction, epistaxis, and rhinorrhea.
        3. Method: Puncture 0.3-0.5 inch horizontally along the skin.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The anastomotic network of the superficial temporal artery and vein and the occipital artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The branch of the great occipital nerve.
      8. Luoque (U.B. 8)
        1. Location: 1.5 cun posterior to Tongitian (U.B. 7), 1.5 cun lateral to the Du Channel.
        2. Indications: Dizziness, tinnitus, and mental confusion.
        3. Method: Puncture 0.3-0.5 inch horizontally along the skin.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The branches of the occipital artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The branch of the great occipital nerve.
      9. Yuzhen (U.B. 9)
        1. Location: 1.3 cun lateral to Naohu (Du 17), on the lateral side of the superior border of the external occipital protuberance.
        2. Indications: Headache, ophthalmagia, and nasal obstruction.
        3. Method: Puncture 0.3-0.5 inch horizontally along the skin, with the needle directed downward.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The occipital artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The branch of the great occipital nerve.
      10. Tianzhu (U.B.10)
        1. Location: 1.3 cunlateral to Yamen (Du 15), within the posterior hairline, on the lateral side of m. trapezius.
        2. Indications: Headache, neck rigidity, nasal obstruction, pain in the shoulder and back.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5 inch.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The occipital artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The great occipital nerve.
      11. Dashu (U.B. 11)
        1. Location: 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 1st thoracic vertebra, about 2 finger-breadths from the Du Channel (see Diagram)
        2. Indications: Cough, fever, headache, aching of the scapular region, stiffness and rigidity of the neck.
        3. Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the 1st and 2nd thoracic nerves; deeper, their lateral cutaneous branches.
        5. Note:
          1. This is one of the Eight Influential Points dominating the bones.
          2. The distance from the midpoint of the vertebral column (Du Channel) to the vertical line from the vertebral border of the scapula is versely on the back. All points on the line from Dashu (U.B. 11) to Baihuanshu (U.B. 30) are 1.5 cun lateral to the Du Channel.
      12. Fengmen (U.B 12)
        1. Location: 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 2nd thoracic vertebra (see Diagram)
        2. Indications: Common cold, cough, fever and headache, neck rigidity, and backache.
        3. Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: Superficially, the medial cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the 2nd and 3rd thoracic nerves; deeper, their lateral cutaneous branches.
      13. Feishu (Back-Shu Point of the lung. U.B. 13)
        1. Location: 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 3rd thoracic vertebra (see Diagram 3)
        2. Indications: Cough, asthma, hemoptysis, afternoon fever, and night sweating.
        3. Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the 3rd and 4th thoracic nerves; deeper, their lateral branches.
      14. Jueyinshyu (Back-Shu Point of the Pericardium, U.B. 14)
        1. Location: 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 4th thoracic vertebra.
        2. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the 4th and 5th thoracic nerves; deeper, their lateral branches.
      15. Xinshu (Back-Shu Point of the Heart, U.B.15)
        1. Location: 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 5th thoracic vertebra (see Diagram)
        2. Indications: Epilepsy, panic, palpitation, forgetfulness, irritability, cough, and hemoptysis.
        3. Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the 5th and 6th thoracic vertebra.
      16. Dushu (U.B. 16)
        1. Location: 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 6th thoracic vertebra.
        2. Indications: Cardiac pain, and abdominal pain.
        3. Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The medial branches of the posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein, the descending branch of the transverse cervical artery.
          2. Innervation: The dorsal scapular nerve, the medial cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the 6th and 7th thoracic nerves; deeper, their lateral branches.
      17. Geshu (U.B. 17)
        1. Location: 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 7th thoracic vertebra (see Diagram)
        2. Indications: Vomiting, hiccup, difficulty in swallowing, asthma, cough, hemoptysis, afternoon fever, and night sweating.
        3. Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The medial branches of the posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The medial branches of the posterior rami of the 7th and 8th thoracic nerves; deeper, their lateral branches.
        5. Note: This is one of the Eight Influential Points dominating blood.
      18. Ganshu (Back-Shu Point of the Liver, U.B. 18)
        1. Location: 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 9th thoracic vertebra (see Diagram)
        2. Indications: Jaundice, pain in the hypochondriac region, hermatemesis, epistaxix, redness of the eye, blurring of vision, night blindness, pain in the back, mental confusion, and epilepsy.
        3. Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The medial branches of the posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the 9th and 10th thoracic nerves; deeper, their lateral branches.
      19. Danshu (Back-Shu Point of the Gall Bladder, U.B. 19)
        1. Location: 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 10th thoracic vertebra (see Diagram)
        2. Indications: Jaundice, bitter taste in mouth, pain in the chest and hypochondriac region, pulmonary tuberculosis, and afternoon fever.
        3. Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The medial branches of the posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the 10th and 11th thoracic neves; deeper, their lateral branches.
      20. Pishu (Back-Shu Point of the Spleen, U.B. 20)
        1. Location: 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 11 thoracic vertebra (see Diagram)
        2. Indications: Abdominal distension, jaundice, vomiting, diarrhea, dysentery, indigestion, edema and pain in the back.
        3. Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The medial branches of the posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the 11th and 12th thoracic nerves; deeper, their lateral branches.
      21. Weishu (Back-Shu Point of the Stomach, U.B. 21)
        1. Location: 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 12th thoracic vertebra (see Diagram)
        2. Indications: Pain in the chest, hypochondriac and epigastric region, abdominal distension, nausea, vomiting, borboygmus and indigestion.
        3. Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The medial branches of the posterior branches of the subcostal artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The medial cutaneous branch of the posterior ramus of the 12th thoracic nerve; deeper, its lateral branch.
      22. Sanjiaoshu (Back-Shu Point of Sanjiao, U.B. 22)
        1. Location: 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 1st lumbar vertebra (see Diagram)
        2. Indications: Abdominal distension, borborygmus, indigestion, vomiting, diarrhea, dysentery, edema, pain and stiffness of the lower back.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 1.0-1.5 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The posterior rami of the 1st lumbar artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The lateral cutaneous branch of the posterior ramus of the 10th thoracic nerve; deeper, the lateral branch of the posterior ramus of the 1st lumbar nerve.
      23. Shenshu (Back-Shu Point of the Kidney, U.B. 23)
        1. Location: 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 2nd lumbar vertebra (see Diagram)
        2. Indications: Seminal emission, impotence, enuresis, irregular menstruation, leukorrhea, backache, weakness of the knee, blurring of the vision, tinnitus, deafness, and edema.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.1-1.5 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The posterior rami of the 2nd lumbar artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The lateral cutaneous branch of the posterior ramus of the 1st lumbar nerve; deeper, its lateral branch.
      24. Qihaishu (U.B. 24)
        1. Location: 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 3rd lumbar vertebra.
        2. Indications: Low back pain.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 1.0-1.5 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The posterior rami of the 3rd lumbar artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The lateral cutaneous branch of the posterior ramus of the 2nd lumbar nerve.
      25. Dachangshu (Back-Shu Point of the large intestine, U.B.25)
        1. Location: 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 4th lumbar vertebra, approximately at the level of the upper border of the iliac creast (see Diagram)
        2. Indications: Abdominal pain and distension, borborygmus, diarrhea, constipation, and low back pain.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 1.0-1.5 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The posterior rami of the 4th lumbar artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The posterior ramus of the 3rd lumbar nerve.
      26. Guanyuanshu (U.B. 26)
        1. Location: 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 5th lumbar vertebra.
        2. Indications: Abdominal distension, diarrhea, and low back pain.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.7-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The posterior branches of the lowest lumbar artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The posterior ramus of the 5th lumbar nerve.
      27. Xiaochangshu (Back-Shu Point of the Small Intestine, U.B. 27)
        1. Location: At the level of the 1st posterior sacral foramen, 1.5 cun lateral to the Du Channel (see Diagram)
        2. Indications: Seminal emission, hematuria, enuresis, lower abdominal pain and distension and dysentery.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The posterior branches of the lateral sacral artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The lateral branch of the posterior ramus of the 1st sacral nerve.
      28. Pangguangshu (Back-Shu Point of the Urinary Bladder, U.B. 28)
        1. Location: At the level of the 2nd posterior sacral foramen, 1.5 cun lateral to the Du Channel, in the depression between the medial border of the posterior superior iliac spine and the sacrum (see Diagram)
        2. Indications: Retention of urine, enuresis, diarrhea, constipation, pain and stiffness of lower back.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The posterior branches of the lateral sacral artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The lateral branches of the posterior rami of the 1st and 2nd sacral nerves.
      29. Zhonglushu (U.B. 29)
        1. Location: At the level of the 3rd posterior sacral foramen, 1.5 cun lateral to the Du Channel.
        2. Indications: Dysentery, hernia, pain and stiffness of lower back.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.7-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The posterior branches of the lateral sacral artery and vein, the branches of the inferior gluteal artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The lateral branches of the posterior rami of the 3rd and 4th sacral nerves.
      30. Baihuanshu (U.B. 30)
        1. Location: At the level of the 4th posterior sacral foramen, 1.5 cun lateral to the Du Channel.
        2. Indications: Seminal emission, irregular menstruation, eukorrhea, hernia, pain in the lower back and hip joint.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.7-1.0 inch.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The inferior gluteal artery and vein; deeper, the internal pudendal artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The lateral branches of the posterior rami of the 3rd and 4th sacral nerves, the inferior gluteal nerve.
      31. Shangliao (U.B. 31)
        1. Location: In the 1st posterior sacral foramen, about midway between the posterior superior iliac spine and the Du Channel (see Diagram)
        2. Indications: Low back pain, irregular menstruation, prolapse of uterus, leukorrhea, scanty urine, and constipation.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.7-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The posterior branches of the lateral sacral artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: At the site where the posterior ramus of the 1st sacral nerve passes.
        5. Note: The eight sacral foramina re acupuncture points, known as Baliao (eight liao), namely, Shangliao (both sides, U.B. 31), Cialiao (both sides, U.B. 32), Zhongliao (both sides, U.B. 33) and Xialiao (both sides, U.B 34.)
      32. Ciliao (U.B. 32)
        1. Location: In the 2nd posterior sacral foramen, about midway between the lower border of the posterior superior iliac spine and the Du Channel (see Diagram)
        2. Indications: Low back pain, irregular menstruation, leukorrhea, hernia, muscular atrophy, motor impairment and bi syndrome (rheumatic pain of the lower extremities.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.7.-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The posterior branches of the lateral sacral artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: On the course of the posterior ramus of the 2nd sacral nerve.
      33. Zhongliao (U.B. 33)
        1. Location: In the 3rd posterior sacral foramen, between Zhonglushu (U.B. 29) and the Du Channel (see Diagram)
        2. Indications: Irregular menstruation, leukorrhea, low back pain, dysuria and constipation.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.7-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The posterior branches of the lateral sacral artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: On the course of the posterior ramus of the 3rd sacral nerve.
      34. Xialiao (U.B. 34)
        1. Location: In the 4th posterior sacral foramen, between Baihuanshu (U.B. 30) and the Du Channel (see Diagram)
        2. Indications: Lower abdominal pain, constipation, dysuria and low back pain.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The branches of the inferior gluteal artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: On the course of the posterior ramus of the 4th sacral nerve.
      35. Huiyang (U.B. 35)
        1. Location: On either side of the tip of the cocyx, 05 cun lateral to the Du Channel.
        2. Indications: Leukorrhea, impotence, dysentery, hemorrhoids, and diarrhea.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The branches of the inferior gluteal artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The coccygeal nerve.
      36. Chengfu (U.B. 36)
        1. Location: In the middle of the transverse gluteal fold. Locate the point in prone position.
        2. Indications: Hemorrhoids, pain in the lumbar, sacral, gluteal and femoral regions.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.7-1.5 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The artery and vein running alongside the sciatic nerve.
          2. Innervation: Superficially, the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve; deeper, the sciatic nerve.
      37. Yinmen (U.B. 37)
        1. Location: 6 cun below Chengfu (U.B. 36), on the line joining Chengfu (U.B. 36) and Weizhong (U.B. 40.)
        2. Indications: Pain in the lower back thigh.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.7-1.5 inches. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: Laterally, the 3rd perforating branches of the deep femoral artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The posterior femoral cutaneous nerve; deeper, the sciatic nerve.
      38. Fuxi (U.B. 38)
        1. Location: 1 cun above Weiyang (U.B. 39), on the medial side of the tendon of m. biceps femoris. The point is located with the knee slightly flexed.
        2. Indications: Numbness of the gluteal and femoral region, contracture of the tendons in the popliteal fossa.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The superolateral genicular artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The posterior femoral cutaneous nerve and the common peroneal nerve.
      39. Weiyang (U.B. 39)
        1. Location: Lateral to Weizhong (U.B 40), on the medial border of the tendon of m. biceps femoris (see Diagram)
        2. Indications: Pain and stiffness of the lower back, lower abdominal distension, dysuria, and cramp of the leg and foot.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy - see fuxi (U.B. 40)
        5. Note: This is the Inferior He-Sea Point of sanjiao and is indicated in disorders of sanjiao.
      40. Weizhong (He-Sea Point, U.B. 40)
        1. Location: Midpoint of the transverse crease of the popliteal fossa, between the tendons of m. biceps femoris and m. semitendinosus. Locate the point in prone position or with flexed knee (see Diagram)
        2. Indications: Low back pain, motor impairment of the hip joint, contracture of the tendons in the popliteal fossa, muscular atgrophy, motor impairment and pain of the lower extremities, hemiplegia, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.5 inches, or prick with three-edged needle to cause bleeding.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: Superficially, the femoropopliteal vein; deeper and medially the popliteral vein; deepest, the popliteal artery.
          2. Innervation: The posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, the tibial nerve.
      41. Fufen (U.B. 41)
        1. Location: 3 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 2nd thoracic vertebra, about 4 finger-breadths lateral to the midline of the vertebral column.
        2. Indications: Stiffness and pain of the shoulder, back, neck, numbness of the elbow and arm.
        3. Method: Puncture obliquely downward 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The descending branch of the transverse cervical artery, the lateral branches of the posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The lateral cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the 1st and 2nd thoracic nerves; deeper, the dorsal scapular nerve.
        5. Note: All the points located on the line from Fufen (U.B. 41) to Zhibian (U.B. 54) are 3 cun lateral to the Du Channel.
      42. Pohu (U.B. 42)
        1. Location: 3 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 3rd thoracic vertebra.
        2. Indications: Pulmonary tuberculosis, cough, asthma, neck rigidity, pain in the shoulder and back.
        3. Method: Puncture obliquely downward 0.3-0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The posterior branch of the intercostal artery, the descending branch of the transverse cervical artery.
          2. Innervation: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the 2nd and 3rd thoracic nerve.; deeper, their lateral branches and the dorsal scapular nerve.
      43. Gaohuangshu (U.B. 43)
        1. Location: 3 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 4th thoracic vertebra.
        2. Indications: Pulmonary tuberculosis, cough, asthma, hemoptysis, night sweating, poor memory, seminal emission and indigestion.
        3. Method: Puncture obliquely 0.3-0.5 towards the scapula. Frequent or prolonged Moxibustion is desirable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The posterior branch of the intercostal artery and the descending branch of the transverse cervical artery.
          2. Innervation: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the 2nd and 3rd thoracic nerves; deeper, their lateral branches and the dorsoscapular nerve.
      44. Shentang (U.B. 44)
        1. Location: 3 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 5th thoracic vertebra.
        2. Indications: Asthma, cough, pain and stiffness of the back.
        3. Method: Puncture obliquely 0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein, the descending branch of the transverse cervical artery.
          2. Innervation: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the 4th and 5th thoracic nerves; deeper, their lateral branches and the dorsal scapular nerve.
      45. Yixi (U.B. 45)
        1. Location: 3 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 6th thoracic vertebra.
        2. Indications: Cough, asthma, and pain in the shoulder and back.
        3. Method: Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the 5th and 6th thoracic nerves; deeper, their lateral branches.
      46. Geguan (U.B. 46)
        1. Location: 3 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 7th thoracic vertebra, approximately at the level of the inferior angle of the scapula.
        2. Indications: Difficulty in swallowing, vomiting, belching pain and stiffness of the back.
        3. Method: Puncture obliquely downward 0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The medial cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the 6th and 7th thoracic nerves; deeper, their lateral branches.
      47. Hunmen (U.B. 47)
        1. Location: 3 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 9th thoracic vertebra.
        2. Indications: Pain in the chest, back and hypochondriac region, vomiting, and diarrhea.
        3. Method: Puncture obliquely downward 0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The lateral branches of the posterior rami of the 7th and 8th thoracic nerves.
      48. Yanggang (U.B. 48)
        1. Location: 3 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 10th thoracic vertebra.
        2. Indications: Borborygmus, abdominal pain, diarrhea and jaundice.
        3. Method: Puncture obliquely downward 0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The lateral branches of the posterior rami of the 8th and 9th thoracic nerves.
      49. Yishe (U.B. 49)
        1. Location: 3 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 11th thoracic vertebra.
        2. Indications: Abdominal distension, borborygmus, diarrhea, vomiting and difficulty in swallowing.
        3. Method: Puncture obliquely downward 0.5. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The posterior branches of the intercostal artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The lateral branches of the posterior rami of the 10th and 11th thoracic nerves.
      50. Weicang (U.B. 50)
        1. Location: 3 cun lateral to the lower border of the process of the 12th thoracic vertebra.
        2. Indications: Abdominal distension, pain in the epigastric region and the back.
        3. Method: Puncture obliquely downward 0.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The posterior branches of the subcostal artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The lateral branch of the posterior ramus of the 11th thoracic nerve.
      51. Huangmen (U.B. 51)
        1. Location: 3 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 1st lumbar vertebra.
        2. Indications: Pain in the epigastric region, abdominal mass, constipation.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The posterior branches of the 1st lumbar artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The lateral branch of the posterior ramus of the 12th thoracic nerve.
      52. Zhishi (U.B. 52)
        1. Location: 3 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 2nd lumbar vertebra (see Diagram)
        2. Indications: Seminal emission, impotence, dysuria, edema, pain and stiffness of the lower back.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.7-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The posterior branches of the 2nd lumbar artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The lateral branch of the posterior ramus of the 12th thoracic nerve and the lateral branch of the 1st lumbar nerve.
      53. Baohuang (U.B. 53)
        1. Location: 3 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 2nd sacral vertebra, level with Ciliao (U.B. 32.)
        2. Indications: Borborygmus, abdominal distension, pain in the lower back.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.7-1.3 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The superior gluteal artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The superior cluneal nerves; deeper, the superior gluteal nerve.
      54. Zhibian (U.B. 54)
        1. Location: Directly below Baohuang (U.B. 53), 3 cun lateral to Du Channel, about 4 finger-breadths lateral to the hiatus of the sacrum (see Diagram)
        2. Indications: Pain in the lumbosacral region, hemorrhoids, muscular atrophy, motor impairment, and pain of the lower extremities.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 1.0-1.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The inferior gluteal artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The inferior gluteal nerve, the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve and the sciatic nerve.
      55. Heyang (U.B. 55)
        1. Location: 2 cun directly below Weizhong (U.B. 40) between the medial and lateral heads of m. Gastrocnemius, on the line joining Weizhong (U.B. 40) and Chengshan (U.B. 57.)
        2. Indications: Backache, aching, numbness and paralysis of the lower extremities.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.7-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The small saphenous vein; deeper, the popliteral artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The medial sural cutaneous nerve; deeper, the tibial nerve.
        5. Note: The distance from Weizhong (U.B. 40) to the level of the tip of the external malleolus is measured as 16 cun.
      56. Chengjin (U.B. 56)
        1. Location: Midway between Heyang (U.B. 55) and Chengshan (U.B. 57), in the center of the belly of m. gastrocnemius.
        2. Indications: Pain in the leg, hemorrhoids, and acute lower back pain.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.5 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Vasculature: The small saphenous vein; deeper, the posterior tibial artery and vein.
          2. Innervation: The medial sural cutaneous nerve; deeper, the tibial nerve.
      57. Chengshan (U.B. 57)
        1. Location: Directly below the belly of m. gastrocnemius, on the line connecting Weizhong (U.B. 40) and tendo calcaneus, about 8 cun below Weizhong (U.B. 40) (see Diagram)
        2. Indications: Low back pain, spasm of the gastrocnemius, hemorrhoids, and constipation.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.5-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
          1. Regional anatomy - see Chengjin (U.B. 56)
      58. Feiyang (Luo-Connecting Point, U.B. 58)
        1. Location: 7 cun directly above Kunlun (U.B. 60), on the posterior border of fibula, about 1 cun inferior and lateral to Chengshan (U.B. 57) (See Diagram)
        2. Indications: Headache, blurring of vision, nasal obstruction, epistaxix, lumbago, and weakness of the leg.
        3. Method: Puncture perpendicularly 0.7-1.0 inch. Moxibustion is applicable.
        4. Regional anatomy
          1. Innervation: The lateral sural cutaneous nerve.
      59. Fuyang (U.B. 59)
        1. Location: 3 cun directly above Kunlun (U.B 60) (see Diagram)
        2. Indications: Heavy feeling in the head, headache, low back pain, redness and swelling of the external malleoulus, and paralysis of the lower extremities.
        3. Method: